Sclerotium rolfsii sacc pdf

Similarly, waterfield and siler, 1990 and hagans et al. A combined stress involving an abiotic and a biotic factor reportedly increases susceptibility of the plants to pathogens. Stem rot mainly a soilborne disease caused by sclerotium rolfsii, is one of the major constraints in groundnut production as it severely affects the yield and quality of the produce. Journal of muthukumar and venkatesh plant pathol microb 2 4. The underlying cortex cells have thinner walls and contain many vesicles full of reserve. Among the various isolates tested in vitro, five isolates cbe, mdu, pdk, anr and sa were found effective in inhibiting the. Morphological and cultural studies of sclerotium rolfsii. Identification and investigation on antagonistic effect of. Haque proceedings of the indian academy of sciences section b volume 56, article number. Pdf evaluation of fungicides, trichoderma harzianum and. Sclerotium rolfsii is a destructive soil borne plant pathogen which causes southern blight disease on a wide variety of plants. Sclerotium rolfsii, an omnivorous, soilborne fungal pathogen, causes disease on a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops. Biological control of groundnut stem rot caused by.

It is documented that the fungus has host range of 500 plant species aycock, 1966 including several cultivated crops like groundnut, sunflower. It is a soil borne plant pathogen which causes considerable damage to the crop and the disease intensity in the field ranged from 5 to 20% 7. Tisdaus pathologist in charge of cereal smut investigations, office of cereal investigations, bureau of plant industry, united slates department of agriculture seedlingblight caused by sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Katan research assistant, professor, and associate professor, respectively, department of plant pathology and microbiology, faculty of agriculture, the hebrew university, rehovot, israel. The sclerotium rolfsii sacc sr1 causative organism of collarrot disease of mentha arvensis was isolated from infected plants collected from the research field. Pathogen causes disease in important crops such as common beans, ground nuts, chick peas, soya,etc. Although no worldwide compilation of host genera has been published, over 270 host genera have been reported in the united states alone.

By malcolm park, mycologist department of agriculture, ceylon with plate ix soe confusion has arisen regarding the nomenclature of tuber zeylanicum b. Potential of some fungicides on the growth and development. This study was conducted to identify the virulence of different s. March 1966 studies on the basidial formation by sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Factors affecting the growth and sclerotial production in. Sclerotium cepivorum, which was known earlier to be related to sclerotinia species.

Phylogenetic placement of plant pathogenic sclerotium species. Plantparasitic nematodes and food security in subsaharan africa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibits the plant cell wall degrading enzymes of sclerotium rolfsii and reduces the severity of groundnut stem rot. The thickwalled rind cells which comprise the sclerotial envelope are empty.

Article pdf available in plant pathology journal february 2003 with 114 reads how we measure reads. Sclerotium rolfsii infected brassidium leaf with mycelium. Sclerotium root rot southern blight of common beans caused by sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Sclerotial walls contain a melaninlike pigment which is absent from hyphal walls. Sclerotium rolfsii sacc pdf crop protection 21 2002 403408. Athelia rolfsii is telemorph of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil borne pathogen responsible for root and stem rot on a wide range of crops. Frontiers exploring combined effect of abiotic soil. Abstract in dual culture, one among the three isolates of trichoderma viride, an isolate in each of t. Stem rot of groundnut caused by sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Sclerotium rolfsii is a necrotrophic, soilborne fungal plant pathogen that produces abundant white mycelium on infected plants and in culture. Of these, collar rot caused by sclerotium rolfsii is a major constraint in the peppermint cultivation in tamil nadu. The species was first described in 1911 by italian mycologist pier andrea. In the spring of 1919 the office of cereal investigations undertook a.

Plants being sessile are under constant threat of multiple abiotic and biotic stresses within its natural habitat. The sclerotium rolfsii is widely distributed and causes severe damage to more than 500 crops aycock, 1966. Evaluation of the virulence of sclerotium rolfsii isolates on. Taya and anil kumar department of plant pathology, chaudhary charan singh haryana agricultural university, hisar125 004, haryana, india. O t h e r media on which sclerotium athelia rolfsii 525 1 hymenia developed in 3 3 % of the isolates were dilute p d a 3. It is a facultative plant pathogen and is the causal agent of southern blight disease in crops. Index terms fungicides, inhibitory, in vitro, radial growth, sclerotium rolfsii i. Sclerotium rolfsii is cosmopolitan in warm climates and is found in peanut production areas throughout the world. Evaluation of the virulence of sclerotium rolfsii isolates. Morphological variation in sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Phylogenetic placement of plant pathogenic sclerotium species among teleomorph genera zhihan xu thomas c. Sclerotium rolfsii infected brassidium leaves first appear as water soaked spots 20 mm in diameter. Isolation and characterization of trichoderma isolates serial dilution plate technique and soil plate method using potato dextrose agar medium pda.

The coarse, white mycelium typical of sclerotium rolfsii was present at the base of the stems, on the diseased roots, and in the soil immediately surrounding the roots. The emerging threat, collar rot disease of chickpea caused by sclerotium rolfsii sacc. The biology, ecology, and control of sclerotium rolfsii. Management of stem rot of peanuts arachis hypogaea caused by sclerotium rolfsii with fungicides. Effect of different media on mycelium growth of sclerotium. Protoplast fusion technology was employed to reconstruct fusants from this fungus. Sclerotium athelia rolfsii, a pathogen of many plant. Journal of muthukumar and venkatesh plant pathol microb. Factors affecting the growth and sclerotial production insclerotium rolfsii sacc. A biocontrol agent effective against sclerotium rolfsii and rhizoctonia solani y. An invitro experiment was conducted to study the effect of different culture media on mycelial growth of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Claudiuscole, solveig haukeland, nessie luambano, herbert talwana.

Evaluation of fungicides, trichoderma harzianum and pseudomonas flourescens against sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Ultrastructure of sclerotia and hyphae of sclerotium. The chemical components of the sclerotial and hyphal walls of the fungus sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Sclerotium rolfsii southern blight of vegetables and melons. Sclerotium rolfsii southern blight of vegetables and. Southern stem rot is most serious in warm, humid locations and seasons. Phylogenetic placement of plant pathogenic sclerotium. In 1928, the united states department of agriculture reported that s. Nus digital libraries notes on sclerotium rolfsii sacc. An attempt was made to manage the disease by holistic approach.

Advancing mycelium and colonies often grow in a distinctive fanshaped pattern and the coarse hyphal strands may have a somewhat ropy appearance. Sclerotium rolfsii southern stem rot of peanut bugwoodwiki. The sclerotium rolfsii infected brassidium leaf with mycelium wefts growing over the leaf surface in a fanshaped fashion and spreading out over the moist paper towel. They are also higher in nonhydrolyzable residue, in lipids, and in ash content. The ultrastructure of cells of the sclerotia and aerial mycelium of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. The present investigation on studies on sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Although no worldwide compilation of host genera has been published, over 270. Stem rot is also known as wilt, sclerotial disease, blight, foot rot, white mold, southern stem rot southern blight, sclerotium rot aycock, 1966.

Athelia rolfsii is a corticioid fungus in the family atheliaceae. Biological control of groundnut stem rot caused by sclerotium. Under coastal saline zone of west bengal prabir kumar garain1, bholanath mondal2 and subrata dutta3 1ramkrishna ashram krishi vigyan kendra, nimpith, south 24 parganas west bengal india. Studies on the basidial formation by sclerotium rolfsii. Pdf physiological study of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Chemical composition and control of sclerotium rolfsii. Although there are several other sclerotium producing fungi, the fungus characterized by small tan to dark. Potential of some fungicides on the growth and development of. Field studies were conducted to characterize the genetic nature of resistance to southern blight caused by sclerotium rolfsii sacc. This fungus is causal agent of damping off and also white foot and root rot disease of many important agronomical and horticultural plants. A total of 30 isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of groundnut collected from different parts of tamil nadu, india and tested for their inhibitory activity against sclerotium rolfsii sacc. The fungus produces white mycelia and abundant smallround sclerotia in vitro, and in vivo where they found at the stem base of infected plant, on the soil, and on the plant debris around it songvilay et al.