This chapter aims to analyze the dynamics of turkeys relations with the middle east in the 2000s. The politics of foreign aid and the european neighbourhood policy postarab spring. Turkeys role in the middle east united states institute. The middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with tensions and instabilities. Youth played a central role in sparking protest movements across the middle east. For years scholars have been warning about the youth bulge that the disproportionately large population of young men in the arab world is a ticking time bomb. Despite his years as a middle east analyst for the cia, the national intelligence council, and the rand corporation, fuller is a fierce critic of u. The arab spring was a series of prodemocracy uprisings that enveloped several largely muslim countries, including tunisia, morocco, syria, libya, egypt and shows this day in history. Turkey to complete wall along iranian border by spring 2019.
He is the author of numerous books about the middle east, including the future of political islam, a world without islam, and turkey and the arab spring. The arab spring provided an opportunity for turkey to reassert itself as a recently democratized muslimmajority polity with ambitions to exert a democratizing influence across the middle east. Pdf turkish foreign policy in the middle east after arab spring. There is still much to unfold in the wave of arab prodemocracy uprisings in the region. Turkish foreign policy gripped by the change and differentiating position of the kurdish regional government. The book is called turkey and arap spring, hence a large part is linked to arap spring an middle east he defines the major upcoming conflict in middle east not between sunni and shia, not between turkey and iran, but to my surprise between moderate sunni democratic turkey and extremist wahhabi autocracy saudi arabia. Taking stock of leadership development programs in the. Pdf download arab spring then and now free unquote books. For about 20 years since the end of the cold war, the regional power dynamics of the middle east were relatively stable, and united states was the uncontested and dominant external power. Leadership is often presented as an abstract undertaking, a matter of vision and values rather than practical details. Cairo and riyadh, vying for leadership middle east. Fuller turkey, after a remarkable decade of change, has faced the challenges of the middle east s recent turmoil, mass movements and democratic setbacks to create a dynamic new foreign policy that will shape its role in middle east leadership for years to come. Why middle east studies missed the arab spring the myth of authoritarian stability by f.
Usips stephanie schwartz, author of youth and postconflict reconstruction. Why middle east studies missed the arab spring the myth of. Pdf on feb 28, 2017, mahmoud khalifa and others published turkish. Turkey as an emerging donor and the arab uprisings meliha benli altunisik. Russias historical ties to the middle east russias relationship to the arab world has gone through several distinct phases. Euturkey relations in the context of the middle east after. More than 66% of those questioned estimate that turkey can serve as a model for arab countries and is an example of a successful marriage between islam and. Leadership in the middle east has never been as vital as it is in the wake of the global financial crisis and the arab spring yet there is a lack of detailed knowledge concerning strategies for developing capacity in leadership, national skills and knowledge management. He has lived and worked in the muslim world for nearly two decades.
The islamic world all the arabic countries, naons with predominantly muslim majority like iran. Since the 911 attacks, the arab worlds relative economic, social, and political underdevelopment has been a topic of nearconstant international concern. Leadership and organizational change in the middle east. The arab spring five years later geopolitical futures.
Nearly the same number supports a greater influence of turkey in the region. Having set regime change as their goal in 2011, each state devoted considerable resources to achieving it, including diplomatic and economic sanctions, support for elements of the political and armed opposition, and pressure on the united states to intervene. Us foreign assistance in an era of ambivalence steven heydemann. Both egypt and saudi arabia attribute great importance to their presence in the region as it impacts other security issues.
Turkey has completed more than half of a 144 km wall on its border with iran and will finish it next spring, the firm building the barrier said, as ankara secures its frontiers from. Middle eastern rivalries and their pro and antibrotherhood components are also intense in the red sea and east africa regions where several states compete for influence. As a hypothesisgenerating work, this study aims to provide specific hypotheses regarding constructive thirdparty roles for turkey in the arab spring that can be. With theoreticallyrich contributions from an international group of political scientists, historians, and economists, this volume addresses the puzzle of why the middle east has produced no single dominant and acknowledged regional power, despite contenders. In some places in the middle east, secular culture flourishes. The book is called turkey and arap spring, hence a large part is linked to arap spring an middle east he defines the major upcoming conflict in middle east not between sunni and shia, not between turkey and iran, but to my surprise between moderate sunni democratic. A new middle east does exist in places, but there is still an old middle east of tradition. Gregory gause iii, foreign affairs, julaug2011, vol. Spring countries where the previous leaders were toppled, turkey eventually developed a policy of either. Prior to the arab spring, turkeys recent activist foreign policy shifted away from europe, building turkey more influence in the middle east.
Leadership in the middle east was published four months ago and i discussed syria policy, is, the kurdish issue and solution process and the akpgulen war. Turkeys future role in the arab spring jewish policy center. In addition, while the arab spring has arguably transformed governance across north africa and the middle east, it has had little effect on the periphery of that geographic expanse. The middle east in the 21st century has witnessed a gamechanging rollercoaster ride that has transformed relationships across the boards. These typologies provide a broad overview of the various players on the leadership development scene in the arab world and allow for an exploration of the linkages between them. Turkeys future role in the arab spring jewish policy.
Euturkey relations in the context of the middle east. Conclusions analysis of turkeys roles in the middle east leads to several conclusions. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. West or the middle east nor fully independent of either. Fastforward five years, and the dreams of an arab spring, of the organic sprouting of liberal democracy in the middle east, have become nightmares. Tweeting in english, the updates filled a valuable void when media was not allowed inside of syria. Summary v preface viii 1 introduction 1 2 background 2 3 historical and geostrategic context 5 4 turkey, the kurds, and relations with iraq 8 5 turkey and iran 12 6 turkey, syria, and the water crisis 16 7 turkey and the middle east peace process 20 8 conclusion. Between ethics and selfinterest article pdf available in ssrn electronic journal 143 august 2012 with 269 reads how we measure reads. Turkeys foreign policy towards the middle east 3 historical analysis, y. A growing middle class in the arab world yearns for progress and. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by. Turkey underwent the most dramatic changes of its democratic history, propelling it into the role of major regional actor. The gaps between them have been filled with dictatorship, xenophobia, and fundamental ism. Cairo and riyadh, vying for leadership middle east quarterly.
After president bashar alassads first visit to turkey in 2004, the a. Turkey as a source of inspiration for the arab spring. The arab spring has seen demonstrations acros the middle east and north africa, some of which resulted in regime change, while others have been less successful. Revisiting aid in the arab middle east benoit challand. The great liberal revolutions of the middle east had at long last begun, or so the story was told. This volume examines contemporary political relations between turkey and the middle east. At the dawn of the arab spring, turkish leaders saw it as an opportunity to assume a leadership position amidst the ashes of. Taking stock of leadership development programs in the arab world. My relationship with turkey is longer and more deeply rooted than my relationship with the cia. In the light of the arab uprisings of 2011, the syria crisis, the escalation of regional terrorism and the military coup attempt in turkey, it illustrates the dramatic fluctuations in turkish foreign policy towards key middle eastern countries, such as iran, saudi arabia, egypt, syria and iraq.
Egypt as a regional leader is also a potentially complicating factor for turkey, whose leadership in. Former cia officer says us policies helped create is. This paper discusses eu turkey relations with a specific reference to regional developments in the middle east after the arab spring. After coming to power in 2002, the justice and development party akp cultivated ties with former ottoman lands in the middle east and beyond that were ignored for much of the 20th century. Ben ali had been in power since a coup detat in 1987. Efraim karsh, obamas middle east delusions, middle east quarterly, winter 2016. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. The independents robert fisk and patrick cockburn, two of the most acclaimed middle east correspondents of our generation, examine the events of this regional tsunami that threatens to have an impact on our world for years to come. Turkeys role in the arab spring and the syrian conflict tpq. Turkeys relations with the middle eastas with the rest of the worldwill be determined by its success in handling two critical domestic problems. Time for arab leadership in the middle east the national. Youth and the arab spring united states institute of peace.
In contrast, the arab spring held the promise of new democratic polities in the middle east that could more readily accommodate islamic religious practices, which was a prospect that particularly appealed to the religious and conservative justice and development party akp government in turkey. This paper discusses euturkey relations with a specific reference to regional developments in the middle east after the arab spring. The impact of the arab spring on turkeys role and relations. Arab countries arab spring, starting in tunisia with the flight of ben ali and. Opinion turkey asserts its role in the middle east the.
Turkeys challenged position within the middle east is a result of regional dynamics that have destabilized its neighbors, whether it be from their own internal turmoil or geopolitical intrigues by larger powers. May 06, 2014 the middle east in the 21st century has witnessed a gamechanging rollercoaster ride that has transformed relationships across the boards. The impact of the arab spring on turkeys role and relations in the middle east. The effects of the arab spring in yemen, for instance, have clearly benefited aqap at the expense of the chronically weak central government in that country. He spreads the blame for the middle east s woes among western powers and local actors. Turkey and the arab spring leadership in the middle east. New constellations after the arab revolts new york. After the arab spring protests spilled over into the syrian uprisings of 2011, malath aumran used twitter and facebook to keep the world abreast of the crackdown and continued demonstrations. Jan 24, 2014 the development of the arab spring across the middle east was not a gender based issue, yet it was the issue of womens rights which sought to define it in the perception of the west.
What are the factors that account for the prominence of youth as advocates of change in the arab world. Turkey, qatar and saudi arabia have been the leading middle eastern states seeking the overthrow of syrian president bashar alassad. Presoviet russia, or the russian empire, did not have any major aims and ambitions in the arab middle east, save for protecting the orthodox churchs interests in palestine. Turkey to complete wall along iranian border by spring. The arab spring, however, challenged not only the authoritarian regimes. As a former senior member of the cia, graham fuller has an impressive list of thoughtprovoking books to his credit on middle eastern politics. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes.
May 08, 2014 the book is called turkey and arap spring, hence a large part is linked to arap spring an middle east he defines the major upcoming conflict in middle east not between sunni and shia, not between turkey and iran, but to my surprise between moderate sunni democratic turkey and extremist wahhabi autocracy saudi arabia. From the rise of islamic state in iraq and the civil wars in libya, syria, and yemen, to the deteriorating security situation in egypt, the region is in an unprecedented state of flux. Furtig offers powerful insights into both the unique nature of the middle east region, with its dispersed power structures and competing centers, and probable new power constellations. The 21st century has transformed relationships in the middle east. Turkey has undergone the most massive change in its modern democratic history and is now a key player in the middle east. A regional reference in the middle east, in henner furtig, ed. The arab spring and turkeys relations with hamas and the. Middle east created serious uncertainties and dilemmas for turkish foreign. The middle east is the birth place of judaism, christianity and islam.
Jul 20, 2015 time for arab leadership in the middle east if americans need something or somebody to blame, it is poor arab governance and the failure of arab leaders to take responsibility for cleaning up the. Turkeys future role in the middle east 23 conference participants 27 about the author 28 about the institute 29. Time for arab leadership in the middle east if americans need something or somebody to blame, it is poor arab governance and the failure of arab leaders to. Turkeys role in the middle east united states institute of. Keywords middle east regional powers arab revolts concept future gerhard richter israel leadership play revolution security spring framework. However, the recent arab uprisings, better known as the arab spring, have intensified volatility. Tunisia in december 2010 and spread to the rest of the middle east.
It argues that three issueseconomic relations, the mediation processes, and the palestinian issuehave played significant roles in increasing turkeys power and transforming it into a central actor in the region in this period. But, by 2012 the arab spring had morphed into arab winter bringing death, destruction, and despair. Assessing turkeys future role in the middle east divergent. Agents of change, discusses the critical role youth are playing in the arab spring. In the second section, we provide a more in depth exploration of leadership development programs by.
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